Yisro 5646 תרמ”ו

במדרש משנתגייר הוסיף לו ו’ כו’ אמו”ז ז”ל אמר כי יתר ע”ש שהי’ כמיותר בעיני עצמו שהבין שאין לו מציאות מול קדושת בנ”י. אכן כ’ לשארית נחלתו ודרשו חז”ל מי שמשים עצמו כשיריים ולכן כשנתגייר הי’ בכלל לשארית נחלתו. אבל הביטול שהי’ לו מקודם שנתגייר אינו חשוב. כי באמת לא הי’ כלום רק כשנתגייר נחשב הביטול שלו עכ”ד ז”ל. ויתכן להוסיף ביאור בשם יתרו שהוא כענין שכ’ יתרון לחכמה מן הסכלות כו’. פי’ בזוה”ק מסכלות עצמו בא היתרון להחכמה. כיתרון אור מן החושך כו’. והנה בנ”י שהיו בגלות מצרים לכן זכו לתוספות זה כענין שנאמר בכל עצב יהי’ מותר. ובמדרש מקץ דרשו על יוסף הצדיק שע”י הגלות שלו הי’ לו יתרון שנטל בת פוטיפר. וכמו כן במרע”ה שנטל בת יתרו. וכמו כן בכלל ישראל כי בוודאי הי’ במצרים ניצוצי קדושה. והמה אשר נתקרבו אח”כ להקדושה. ויתרו הי’ מיועצי פרעה כדאיתא במד’ והי’ חכם גדול. וכשהי’ נפרד מהקדושה הוסיף כח לסט”א דמצינו יתר כנטול. ומצינו תוספות למעליותא. והוא כמ”ש לעיל כשהוא יתר ועומד בפ”ע כנטול. אבל כשנתבטל אל הקדושה אז מתעלה הכל ע”י. כעין שכ’ שיש תוספות מחול אל הקודש. ובמ”א כתבנו בפסוק הבה נתחכמה כו’ ונוסף גם הוא על שונאינו. ויש במסורה יש מפזר ונוסף עוד. פרשנו שם כמ”ש חז”ל שהקב”ה פיזר הצדיקים בגלות כדי שיתוסף עליהם גרים. ופרעה הבין שנמצא במצרים ניצוצי קדושה גבוהים מאוד. וע”ז ירא ונוסף גם הוא. הוא לשון נסתר. היינו הנקודה עליונה שבהם. ויתכן שהוא בחי’ יתרו הנ”ל שניתוסף אח”כ לבנ”י. ואות הוא”ו הוא החיבור כמ”ש חז”ל ו’ מוסיף על ענין ראשון:

https://www.sefaria.org/Sefat_Emet,_Exodus,_Yitro_14.2

The Midrash explains that when Yisro converted, his name changed from Yeser to Yisro. He gained an extra ‘vav’ to his name. The Chidushei Harim explained the meaning of Yeser is ‘extra’. The significance of this is that before Yisro converted, he felt insignificant and extra compared to the holiness of Bnei Yisrael. Nevertheless, the pasuk states (Micha 7:18) ‘For the leftover of His nation’, which our sages explain teaches us that when a person makes himself as ‘leftover’, i.e., nullification of his own desires, then it has value. Nevertheless, this nullification only had value (retroactively) once Yisro utilized it and joined Bnei Yisrael. This is beforehand even the nullification is insignificant if it is not put to good use. These were the words of the Chidushei Harim.

Perhaps we can add to this an extra explanation. That the name Yisro is connected to the pasuk (Kohelet 2:13) ‘There is extra of wisdom over foolishness’. The Zohar explains this to mean that it is actually from the foolishness that one gains wisdom, akin to that of the light which one ascertains its greatness because of the darkness that preceded it.

Therefore, Bnei Yisrael who were in exile in Mitzrayim and through all the hardship that they went through also gained this element of ‘extra’. The Midrash in Mikeitz explains this idea with regards to Yosef, who because of his ‘exile’ and withstanding the test of the wife of Potifar, merited to marry his daughter instead (a much better bride). Similarly, Moshe also married the daughter of Yisro. Similarly, Bnei Yisrael realized the power of all the sparks of holiness of all the mixed multitude who later joined Bnei Yisrael. Yisro himself was one of the primary advisors of Paroh, and very wise. However, so long as he was separated from holiness, he was considered extra, and as our sages explain (Chullin 58b), anything extra is as if it is removed. We also find the idea of something being extra as a gain (Rosh Hashana 8b). The difference being, as we have explained, is that once the ‘extra’ is nullified and joins the side of holiness, it becomes elevated. Just like the extra time that we add before and after Shabbos, these elevate the mundane and become part of the holiness.

We explained elsewhere the idea that Paroh said, “Let us outsmart Bnei Yisrael for perhaps they will multiply and more will join them, and they will fight us and leave the land.” This idea is the concept of something being spread out, but it actually gains more. Or as our sages explain (Pesachim 87b), that the reason why Hashem spread the tzadikim throughout the world is so that more converts will join Bnei Yisrael. Therefore, Paroh himself understood that there were very great sparks of holiness in Mitzrayim, and this is what he was worried about when he said ‘they will join them’. Furthermore, Paroh did not specify exactly who he was referring to; this is because it is indeed a reference to the very high level that they are in them (and not apparent). This is the concept of Yisro who subsequently joined Bnei Yisrael. Furthermore, the letter ‘vav’ that was added to his name is the letter that connects words and always implies an addition to what has been said before. (So too Yisro was the addition, as explained above).

ברש”י אנכי ה”א לשון יחיד. ליתן פ”פ למרע”ה ללמוד סניגוריא במעשה העגל כו’. ואא”ז מו”ר ז”ל ביאר הדברים כי נאמר הציווי כשבנ”י באחדות. ואז משה הוא ישראל וישראל הם משה כו’. ונראה לבאר עוד כי באמת אם הי’ המאמר לכל פרט ופרט לא הי’ אפשר להיות מציאות להחטא. וכשאמר הקב”ה יהי רקיע דבריו חיים וקיימים לעולם. וכל המצות הם ציווי על האדם וניתן הבחירה בידו. אבל מאמר אנכי ה”א הוא דיבור וגזירה. לכן הי’ המאמר בלשון יחיד כשבנ”י הם באחדות כנ”ל ואז באמת חל עליהם מלכותו ית’. וא”י לבוא לידי החטא באמת. וזהו ענין ליתן פ”פ. כענין שנא’ אשר הרעותי. כי כביכול השאיר מקום למציאות החטא:

https://www.sefaria.org/Sefat_Emet,_Exodus,_Yitro_14.3

Rashi (Shemos 20:1) on the pasuk ‘I am Hashem your G-d’ explains that the word אלוקיך (your G-d) in the singular is used, and not אלוקיכם (your G-d) in the plural, to offer Moshe a certain element of justification for the sin of the Golden Calf. He could say to Hashem, “You only commanded me and not them.” The Chidushei Harim explained this as follows: This commandment was given to Bnei Yisrael when they were united, and at that stage, Moshe was Yisrael and Yisrael was Moshe (they were completely one, and therefore the singular expression applies). To explain this idea further: Had this commandment actually been given to each and every individual, there would be no possibility for sin. Just as when Hashem said, “Let there be a sky,” that became an absolute reality, and His words became established forever. Therefore, each commandment (mitzvah) is something that is commanded to us to do, and therefore we have the ability to choose whether to do it or not. However, the statement “I am Hashem your G-d” is not a commandment; it is a statement and a reality. Therefore, when Bnei Yisrael were united and one with Moshe, then it was said in a singular expression, and indeed the dominion of Hashem was upon them absolutely, with no ability to sin (there was such absolute clarity of His existence and oneness). However, once they separated from this oneness, then they had the ability to sin. This is therefore the idea that Hashem told Moshe “that it is said in singular to leave an opening (or justification) for Bnei Yisrael,” similar to the idea of (Micha 4:6) when Hashem says, “I have done wrong.” This is when, so to speak, Hashem allows there to be an existence of sin.

בפסוק ששת ימים עשה כו’ וינח ביום הז’. לא כ’ ונח. ויתכן לפרש כמו ששת ימי המעשה הם כוחות הבריאה לעשות תולדות לקיום הבריאה. כן יום השבת הנותן מנוחה לכל הבריאה ולימי המעשה. וששת ימים שם הש”י אותם כלים לעשי’. ויום הז’ למנוחה. כמ”ש רש”י בפ’ בראשית הי’ עולם חסר מנוחה באת שבת נגמרה המלאכה ע”ש. ושורש מנוחת ש”ק הוא התאחדות הבריאה. ועי”ז הוא כלי מחזיק ברכה. וינח ע”כ ברך ויקדשהו. הם בחי’ יחוד קדושה וברכה וכ”כ וישבות כו’ ויברך ויקדש. והם ג’ סעודות שבשבת קודש:

https://www.sefaria.org/Sefat_Emet,_Exodus,_Yitro_14.4

The Pasuk states (Shemos 20:10) “In six days Hashem created the heaven and earth and rested on the seventh.” Interestingly, the word וינח is used, which implies a future tense, instead of the word ונח, which means simply ‘He rested’. Perhaps we can explain that just as the six days of creation are the energies in this world to create and make new things to give the world existence, so too Shabbos also has the power to give rest to the entire creation and the days of the week. Therefore, the six days are actually days which contain the name of Hashem and they are vessels in which to perform actions, whereas the seventh day is the vessel which brings rest to the entire world.

This idea is alluded to in Rashi (Bereishis 2:2). When Hashem created the world, it was lacking rest; once Hashem created Shabbos, then the work of creation was completed. The source of the rest that is found on Shabbos is the idea of unification of creation; it is through the unity that it becomes a vessel that can contain the blessing. As the pasuk states (Bereishis 20:10), “He rested on the Shabbos, therefore He blessed it and sanctified it.” This is the idea of unification of the holiness and the blessing. Similarly, the idea of ‘He rested’, ‘He blessed’, ‘He sanctified’, refers to the 3 meanings that we have on Shabbos. 

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