Mishpatim 5638 תרל”ח

ואלה המשפטים אשר תשים לפניהם. במד’ ועוז מלך משפט אהב כו’. 

These are the laws that you shal place before them. The Midrash based on the pasuk in Tehillim (99:4) Mighty king who loves justice. Moshe told Bnei Yisrael that if they do not keep the laws of the Torah, HaShem will take the Torah back, for the wole reason why were given the Torah is to follow the laws of the Torah.

התורה נק’ עוז וכפי מה שמקבלין בני ישראל כח התורה מתיישרין לבבם לבוא לדעת אמת. 

The Torah is called עוז – pwower, and in as much as BneI Yisrael accept the power of Torah, their hearts become more straightened and they will come to the truth.

כי אף שהמשפט תלוי בדעת השופט מ”מ הוא רק לבנ”י באשר דעתם נמשכת אחר דעת התורה ודעת המקום ב”ה לכן נאמרו המשפטים אחר קבלת התורה. ואלה מוסיף על ענין ראשון שע”י שזכו לתורה ניתן המשפט לפניהם וכ”כ מגיד דבריו כו’ על ידי זה חקיו ומשפטיו כו’. 

Now even though the laws are dependan on the understanding of the judge (which implies that the power is given unconditionaly to Bnei YIsrael, it is not however complately uncoditional.) This ability of dexiding the law is actually nly given to Bnei Yisrale, for their דעת – understanding follows the דעת of the Torah, the דעת of HaShem. Therefore the laws were (only) given after Bnei Yisrael had first accepted (with a wholehearted commitment) the Torah. 

The word ואלה (beginning with a ‘vav’) adds to the previous statement, which means that because Bnei Yisrael meritted to received the Torah, the laws were conferred uponthem, to their discrection. Similarly (we find the pasuk in Tehillim 147:19, teaches us that the laws were only after first accepting the Torah), “He tells his words to Yaakov, His statutes and laws to Yisrael”.

וכבר כתבנו מזה שכפי מה שאדם מבטל דעתו ושכלו למצות הבורא ית’ וחקיו. כפי זה הביטול זוכה ליישר דעתו ושכלו להשוותו לדעת התורה ולאמת. 

We have explained above (see תרל”א 1), that in as much as one nullifies his understanding and intellect to the mitzvot of HaShem and His statutes, in relation to that nullification, one is able to subsequently align his mind to follow the דעת of Torah and the truth.

וענין זה הוא ענין ימי המעשה והשבת שבו ניתן דעת ונשמה יתירה לאדם כפי היגיעה בחול אף שאין הדעת צלולה כמו בשבת רק שמבטל דעתו כנ”ל זוכה לדעת בש”ק כנ”ל: 

This is the idea of the days of the week compared to Shabbos. On Shabbos the דעת and extra soul is given to makind, however in relation to his effort in the days of the week of nullification of his own desires, even though durign the week he does not have the clarity that he would have on Shabbos, in proprtion to that one merits to know the Shabbos. As above.

ובמד’ המשל על מה שתורה דינין לפני’ ולאחרי’ כו’. והענין שצריך האדם לשפוט מעשיו כדי לזכות לדברי תורה. וכמו כן צריך לשפוט ולשמור מעשיו אחר שזוכה קצת לדברי תורה לשמור עצמו מגשמיות כדי לשמור הארת התורה שזכה לקבלו. 

The Midrash (Shemos Rabbah 30:3) that compares the laws that precede and follow the Torah to guards protectign the queen in front and behind her. The idea is that needs to constatnly weigh one’sactions to merit to receive the words of Torah. Similarly one needs to protect one’s actions after receiving the Torah, and protect oneself from physicality, and guard the light of Torah that he merited to receie.

וב’ השמירות הם מקיימין הקבלה להיות דבר של קיימא ובמקום אחר הארכנו בזה:

These two protections are what sustain the receiving o the Torah and make it something that lasts. Elsewhere we have explained this at length.

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