General And Particular Portions
במדרש אלקי הרוחות לכל בשר ברוך חכם הרזים כו'
The Midrash teaches on the verse "Hashem, God of the spirits of all flesh" (Bamidbar 27:16): "Blessed is the One Who is wise in mysteries," and so forth.
The Sfas Emes opens with a Midrash on the verse calling Hashem "God of the spirits of all flesh," which praises Him as the One Who knows the hidden inner nature of every creature.
פי' שאלקותו ית' חל על כל ברי' באופן אחר כמ"ש אל שדי שיש די באלקותו לכל בריה פי' במדה מיוחדת ומצומצמת כפי כח הכנת כלי המקבל
The meaning is that His Godliness, may He be blessed, rests upon every creation in a different manner, as it is written "Keil Shakai" (Almighty G-d) — that there is sufficiency ("dai") in His Godliness for every creation; meaning, in a particular and contracted measure, according to the capacity of the preparation of the receiving vessel.
He explains that Hashem invests His Godliness in each creation differently, in a contracted measure suited to what each vessel can hold — this is the meaning of the name Shakai, that there is "enough" Godliness measured out for each being.
וכן כל המתנות שנתן הקב"ה לנו הם בכלל ובפרט
Likewise, all the gifts that the Holy One, Blessed is He, gave to us are present both in a general way (klal) and in a particular way (perat).
Every gift Hashem gives Klal Yisrael operates on two levels: a general gift to the nation as a whole, and a particular share apportioned to each individual.
כדאיתא נשמה יתירה יורדת בש"ק לכלל ישראל
As it is brought down, that an extra neshamah descends on the holy Shabbos to the entire Klal Yisrael.
An example is the extra neshamah of Shabbos, which comes down to the entire Klal Yisrael collectively.
ומ"מ בפרט יש לכל א' חלק כפי השייך לו
Yet nevertheless, in particular, each individual has a portion according to what belongs to him.
Even so, that collective gift is also subdivided, so that each person receives the specific portion that is fitting for him.
וכמו כן א"י שניתן לכלל ישראל
And so too with Eretz Yisrael, which was given to the entirety of Klal Yisrael.
Eretz Yisrael is the same way: on the general level it was given to all of Klal Yisrael as one.
ובפרט לאלה תחלק שהי' חלק מיוחד לכל איש
And in particular, "to these shall the land be divided" (Bamidbar 26:53) — for there was a distinct portion for each and every man.
But on the particular level the verse says the land was to be divided "to these," meaning each individual had his own distinct allotted portion.
וזהו שרמזו שהגורל הי' צווח כו' פי' שהי' מיוחד ונרגש כל חלק לבעליו
And this is what they hinted at, that the lottery itself would cry out, and so forth — meaning that each portion was distinct and palpably felt by its owner.
The Sfas Emes reads the homiletical teaching that the lottery "cried out" as showing that each man's portion was so precisely his own that it announced itself and was tangibly felt by its rightful owner.
והנה מרע"ה הוא בחי' קהלת יעקב בכלל ולכן נמשל לאור החמה
Now Moshe Rabbeinu is the aspect of "the congregation of Yaakov" (Devarim 33:4) in a general way, and therefore he is compared to the light of the sun.
Moshe Rabbeinu embodies the general, unified klal of "the congregation of Yaakov," and is therefore likened to the sun, a single undivided light.
אבל בחי' יהושע שחילק הארץ הוא בחי' פרט לכן נמשל ללבנה שהיא עם הכוכבים בחי' התחלקות האור לפרטים כנ"ל:
But the aspect of Yehoshua, who divided the Land, is the aspect of the particular; therefore he is compared to the moon, which together with the stars represents the aspect of the division of the light into particulars, as explained above.
Yehoshua, who carried out the dividing of the Land into individual portions, embodies the particular, and is therefore likened to the moon and stars, which represent light broken up and distributed into many separate parts.
Summary: The Sfas Emes teaches that Hashem invests His Godliness into every creation in a contracted measure precisely fitted to the capacity of each receiving vessel, which is the meaning of the name Keil Shakai. So too every gift Hashem grants Klal Yisrael exists on two levels — a general gift to the nation as a whole and a particular portion measured out to each individual — as seen in the extra neshamah of Shabbos and in the division of Eretz Yisrael. The lottery that apportioned the Land is described as "crying out" to show how precisely and palpably each man's portion belonged to him alone. Moshe Rabbeinu represents the unified klal and is compared to the sun, while Yehoshua, who divided the Land into individual portions, represents the perat and is compared to the moon and stars, the light distributed into separate parts.